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As wireless communications evolve from static spectrum allocations toward dynamic, shared access models, RF coexistence has become a critical engineering challenge. Over 30 billion connected devices now compete for finite spectrum resources. The 2.4 GHz ISM band alone hosts Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and many other overlapping protocols. Meanwhile, high-value spectrum auctions such as FCC Auction 107 have placed 5G transmitters adjacent to safety-critical systems like aircraft radar altimeters and GPS receivers. These incumbent systems were designed before co-channel interference was a concern. Standards like ANSI C63.27, tiered sharing frameworks like CBRS, and cognitive radio systems using AI and software-defined radios offer practical paths forward. This guide examines these coexistence challenges, reviews real-world interference case studies, and outlines the test architectures needed to evaluate RF device performance under realistic operational conditions.
